Sentence

What is the sentence?

When a group of words used in a sentences gives a complete sense that is called a Sentence.

Structure: Subject + Verb + Object.

According to the rules of English Grammar, first the Subject, then the Verb and finally the Object sit in the sentence structure.

Subject + Verb + Object

Boys        run          in the field.

Note the following sentences:

(a) I go to school. 
(b) Do I go to school? 
(c) Go to school. 
(d) May Allah bless you. 
(e) How nice the scenery is! 

Each of the above sentences is not structured the same and does not convey the same sentiment. So it was seen that the mind can be expressed in different ways. And while expressing each feeling, the words in the sentence have to be arranged differently. And this is how different types of sentences are created.

Kinds of Sentences

There are five types of Sentences according to meaning. Namely:

1. Assertive Sentence
2. Interrogative Sentence
3. Imperative Sentence
4. Optative Sentence
5. Exclamatory Sentence

Assertive Sentence

1. I have two brothers.
2. Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. 
3. Our headmaster is a B.A.
4. He does not go to school regularly.

Statements or descriptions are provided in the above sentences. These are Assertive Sentences.

Therefore, the sentence in which any statement, description or any information is given is called Assertive Sentence.

An Assertive Sentences is a sentence that states a fact, expresses a thought or declares something.

Structure of Assertive Sentence:

(i) Subject + main verb + object + (.) – (in case of simple sentences)
(ii) Subject + tense/auxiliary / modals + main verb + object + (.) – (in case of compound sentence)

Assertive Sentence is again of two types. Namely: (i) Affirmative and (ii) Negative.

(i) Affirmative Sentence: A sentence which admits a statement or expresses a positive meaning is called an Affirmative Sentence.

For example:

(a) I have two brothers.
(b) Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh.
(c) Our headmaster is a B.A.

(ii) Negative Sentence : A sentence which negates a statement or conveys a non-intelligible meaning is called Negative Sentence.

For example:

1. He does not go to school regularly.
2. I am not a student.

Rules for Changing Affirmative Sentence to Negative:

Rule-1: In present indefinite tense ‘do not’ or does not and in past indefinite tense ‘did not’ + original form of the original verb has to be made negative.

For example-

I don’t like tea.
She doesn’t go to school.

Rule-2: If the auxiliary verb acts as the main verb, it should be made negative by putting ‘not’ after it and before the adjective.

For example-

She is not a beautiful girl.
Karim is not a bad boy.

Rule-3: Noun should be placed before Noun to make Negative Sentence.

For example-

He has no pen.
No man is weak.

Below are some more Affirmative and Negative sentences:

Affirmative

• I go to school.
• I am a boy.
• They are running.
• He has a book.
• He does the work.

Negative

• I do not go to school.
• I am not a boy.
• They are not running.
• He has no book.
• He does not do the work.

Interrogative Sentence

• Will you help me?
• What is your name? 
• Where do you live in?
• Are you in class four?
• Have you any book?
• Does he go to school regularly?

In the above sentences the speaker wants to know something i.e. asked a question. These are question sentences.

Therefore, the sentence which means to ask or question something about a person or thing is called Interrogative Sentence.

Structure of Interrogative Sentence:

• (i) Interrogative/Question word + verb + object + (?)
• Who came here?
• (ii) Be verb / Modals + Subject + verb + object + (?)
• – Am I speaking right?
• (iii) Question word + Be verb / modals + subject + verb + object +(?)
• – When will he come?
• (iv) Question word + Noun + Be verb / modals + subject + verb + object + (?)
• – Which pen do you want?

What is the Syllable ?

Imperative Sentence

(a) Do the sum. (Order means)
(b) Don’t make a noise. (Forbidding means)
(c) Always speak the truth. (Advice means)
(d) Please, give me your book. (Request means request)
In the above sentences – means a command, a prohibition, an advice and a request. These are Imperative Sentences.

Therefore, the sentence which means command, prohibition, advice, request etc. is called Imperative Sentence.

Structure of Imperative Sentence:

(i) Verb + object + full stop (.)

In Imperative Sentence, Second person Subject ‘you’ is implied.

For example –

(You) Go to school. 
(You) Finish the work.

 
(ii) Let + Object + verb + object (.)

Imperative sentences in First and Third person begin with ‘Let’.

For example –

Let him do the work. 
Let us go to school. 

(iii) Please / kindly + verb + object + full stop (.)

Please or Kindly sit at the beginning or end of Imperative Sentences to mean request. For example –

Please, give me a glass of water.
Kindly, leave me alone.

Optative Sentence

 

 

What is the sentence?

When a group of words used in a sentences gives a complete sense that is called a Sentence.

Structure: Subject + Verb + Object.

According to the rules of English Grammar, first the Subject, then the Verb and finally the Object sit in the sentence structure.

Subject + Verb + Object

Boys        run          in the field.

Note the following sentences:

(a) I go to school. 
(b) Do I go to school? 
(c) Go to school. 
(d) May Allah bless you. 
(e) How nice the scenery is! 

Each of the above sentences is not structured the same and does not convey the same sentiment. So it was seen that the mind can be expressed in different ways. And while expressing each feeling, the words in the sentence have to be arranged differently. And this is how different types of sentences are created.

Kinds of Sentences

There are five types of Sentences according to meaning. Namely:

1. Assertive Sentence
2. Interrogative Sentence
3. Imperative Sentence
4. Optative Sentence
5. Exclamatory Sentence

Assertive Sentence

1. I have two brothers.
2. Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh. 
3. Our headmaster is a B.A.
4. He does not go to school regularly.

Statements or descriptions are provided in the above sentences. These are Assertive Sentences.

Therefore, the sentence in which any statement, description or any information is given is called Assertive Sentence.

An Assertive Sentences is a sentence that states a fact, expresses a thought or declares something.

Structure of Assertive Sentence:

(i) Subject + main verb + object + (.) – (in case of simple sentences)
(ii) Subject + tense/auxiliary / modals + main verb + object + (.) – (in case of compound sentence)

Assertive Sentence is again of two types. Namely: (i) Affirmative and (ii) Negative.

(i) Affirmative Sentence: A sentence which admits a statement or expresses a positive meaning is called an Affirmative Sentence.

For example:

(a) I have two brothers.
(b) Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh.
(c) Our headmaster is a B.A.

(ii) Negative Sentence : A sentence which negates a statement or conveys a non-intelligible meaning is called Negative Sentence.

For example:

1. He does not go to school regularly.
2. I am not a student.

Rules for Changing Affirmative Sentence to Negative:

Rule-1: In present indefinite tense ‘do not’ or does not and in past indefinite tense ‘did not’ + original form of the original verb has to be made negative.

For example-

I don’t like tea.
She doesn’t go to school.

Rule-2: If the auxiliary verb acts as the main verb, it should be made negative by putting ‘not’ after it and before the adjective.

For example-

She is not a beautiful girl.
Karim is not a bad boy.

Rule-3: Noun should be placed before Noun to make Negative Sentence.

For example-

He has no pen.
No man is weak.

Below are some more Affirmative and Negative sentences:

Affirmative

• I go to school.
• I am a boy.
• They are running.
• He has a book.
• He does the work.

Negative

• I do not go to school.
• I am not a boy.
• They are not running.
• He has no book.
• He does not do the work.

Interrogative Sentence

• Will you help me?
• What is your name? 
• Where do you live in?
• Are you in class four?
• Have you any book?
• Does he go to school regularly?

In the above sentences the speaker wants to know something i.e. asked a question. These are question sentences.

Therefore, the sentence which means to ask or question something about a person or thing is called Interrogative Sentence.

Structure of Interrogative Sentence:

• (i) Interrogative/Question word + verb + object + (?)
• Who came here?
• (ii) Be verb / Modals + Subject + verb + object + (?)
• – Am I speaking right?
• (iii) Question word + Be verb / modals + subject + verb + object +(?)
• – When will he come?
• (iv) Question word + Noun + Be verb / modals + subject + verb + object + (?)
• – Which pen do you want?

What is the Syllable ?

Imperative Sentence

(a) Do the sum. (Order means)
(b) Don’t make a noise. (Forbidding means)
(c) Always speak the truth. (Advice means)
(d) Please, give me your book. (Request means request)
In the above sentences – means a command, a prohibition, an advice and a request. These are Imperative Sentences.

Therefore, the sentence which means command, prohibition, advice, request etc. is called Imperative Sentence.

Structure of Imperative Sentence:

(i) Verb + object + full stop (.)

In Imperative Sentence, Second person Subject ‘you’ is implied.

For example –

(You) Go to school. 
(You) Finish the work.

 
(ii) Let + Object + verb + object (.)

Imperative sentences in First and Third person begin with ‘Let’.

For example –

Let him do the work. 
Let us go to school. 

(iii) Please / kindly + verb + object + full stop (.)

Please or Kindly sit at the beginning or end of Imperative Sentences to mean request. For example –

Please, give me a glass of water.
Kindly, leave me alone.

Optative Sentence

• May you be happy.
• May Allah bless you.
• Long live our Bangladesh.

Wish or prayer is understood by the above sentences. These are Optative Sentences.

Therefore, the sentence that expresses this prayer, desire or desire of the speaker is called Optative Sentence.

Optative sentences express prayer or wish.

Structure of Optative Sentence:

May + subject + verb + object/adverb.     – May God bless you.

Optative sentences can also begin with Long.

Long + live + subject.   – Long live our president.

Exclamatory Sentence:

• Alas! His father is no more.
• Oh! I have no money in my pocket. 
• Hurrah! We have won the match.
• How nice the flower is!

The above sentences express the sudden feeling or emotion of the mind. These are exclamatory sentences.

Therefore, the sentence that expresses the sudden feeling or emotion of the mind is called Exclamatory Sentence.

Sentences that express a sudden feeling or emotion is called an Exclamatory Sentence.

Structure of Exclamatory Sentences:

Remember that Oh!, O!, Hurrah!, Alas!, Fie!, Wow! Hush!, Bravo!, Tut! The words of the exclamatory sentence sit first.

(i) Exclamatory words + Note of Exclamation (!) + Assertive Sentence.
Like – Oh! We are undone.
(ii) What + a/an + adjective + noun + ext + verb + !
For example- What a beautiful flower it is!
(iii) How + adjective + noun _ verb + !
For example – How fine the flower is!

Rules of Sentence Formation by Verb:

It is very important to learn the techniques of making sentences with Verb to be, Verb to have, Modal Auxiliary and Tense. So the rules for forming sentences with examples and structure are given below:

Rules for making sentences with Verb to be:

Rules for creating affirmative sentences with verb to be:
Structure: Subject + am, is, are (present) / was, were (past) + extension
For example –

I am a student
Here (I) subject, (Am)verb (a student) is the extension

2. Verb to be rules for creating negative sentences:
Structure: Sub + verb to be + not + extension
For example –

I am not a student.
Here (I) subject, (Am)verb (not) negative word (a student) is the extension

3. Verb to be Rules for creating Interrogative sentences:
Structure: Verb to be + Sub + extension + ?
For example –

Am I a student?
Here (Am)verb (I) subject (a student) extension (?) question mark

সহজভাবে Tense এর বিস্তারিত আলোচনা

4. Verb to be Rules for making Interrogative-Negative sentences:
Structure: Verb to be + sub +not+ extension+?
For example –

Am I not a student?
Here (Am)verb (I) subject not) negative word (a student) extension (?) question mark

Rules for making sentences with Verb to have (Have, has, had):

5. Rules for making affirmative sentences by Verb to have:
Structure: Sub + verb to have + extension
For example –

I have a car.
She has a doll.
6. Rules for making negative sentences with verb to have:
Structure: Sub + verb to have+no+ extension
For example –

I have no car.
My father has no money.
7. Rules for making interrogative sentences by Verb to have:
Structure: Verb to have + sub + extension +?
For example –

Do I have a pen?
Has Doly a computer?

8. Rules for making negative-interrogative sentences by Verb to have:

Structure: Verb to have + sub+no+extension +?
For example –

Do I have no pen?
Has Mita no passport?

Rules for making sentences with Modal verb (can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, ought to, must etc.) :

9. Rules for making affirmative sentences with modal verbs:

Structure: Sub + modal verb + present form of main verb + extension

For example –

He may come today.
Kamal might have finished the work.

10. Rules for making negative sentences by Modal verb:

Structure: Sub + modal verb + not + present form of main verb + object (if any) + extension (if any).

For example –

He may not come today.
Nipa must not go to school today.

11. Rules for making interrogative sentences by Modal verb:

Structure : Modal verb + sub + main verb + obj (if any) + extension (if any) + question mark.

For example –

Can he come today?
Can I help you?

12. Rules for making Interrogative-Negative sentence by Modal verb:
Structure : Modal verb +n’t + sub + main verb + object (if any) + extension (if any)+?

For example –

Can’t he come today?
Couldn’t I help you?

Hope you will benefit from this example.

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