Essential Information on “Volpone” by Ben Jonson for Exam Preparation
Overview
Title: Volpone
Author: Ben Jonson
Genre: Comedy, Satire
First Performed: 1606
Setting: Venice, Italy
Main Characters
Volpone
Volpone is a wealthy conman pretending to be on his deathbed to deceive greedy Venetians. His name, which means “fox” in Italian, reflects his cunning nature. Volpone’s character embodies greed and deceit, serving as the play’s central figure around whom all actions revolve.
Mosca
Mosca, whose name means “fly,” is Volpone’s cunning servant. He orchestrates the deceit and manipulates the greedy hopeful heirs. Mosca’s intelligence and persuasive skills make him a crucial player in Volpone’s schemes.
Voltore
Voltore is a lawyer and one of Volpone’s greedy would-be heirs. His name, meaning “vulture,” symbolizes his scavenging nature. Voltore represents the corrupt legal profession, willing to bend the law for personal gain.
Corbaccio
Corbaccio, an old miser, is another of Volpone’s gullible victims. His name translates to “raven,” indicating his dark and greedy disposition. Corbaccio’s willingness to disinherit his son for wealth showcases his moral decay.
Corvino
Corvino is a merchant deceived by Volpone. His name means “crow,” signifying his avaricious nature. Corvino’s jealousy and willingness to offer his wife to Volpone highlight his depravity and lack of integrity.
Celia
Celia, Corvino’s virtuous wife, is lusted after by Volpone. She represents innocence and virtue amidst the surrounding corruption. Celia’s resistance to Volpone’s advances underscores her moral strength.
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Bonario
Bonario, Corbaccio’s son, is a noble young man who opposes his father’s greed. He acts as a foil to the other characters, embodying honesty and integrity. Bonario’s intervention prevents Volpone’s assault on Celia.
Lady Would-be
Lady Would-be, Sir Politic Would-be’s wife, adds to the comic relief with her foolishness. Her pretentiousness and misguided attempts to appear knowledgeable make her a source of satire and humor.
Plot Summary
Volpone pretends to be terminally ill to swindle gifts from those hoping to be named his heir. His servant Mosca assists by manipulating each hopeful heir. Voltore, Corbaccio, and Corvino shower Volpone with expensive gifts, each vying for his favor. The plot thickens as Volpone’s lust for Celia leads to an attempted assault, interrupted by Bonario. The deceit is exposed in court, leading to the punishment of the main characters, including Volpone and Mosca.
Themes
Greed and Corruption
The play satirizes the corrupting power of greed, depicting how it leads to moral decay and deceit. Characters like Volpone, Mosca, and the would-be heirs are driven by avarice, leading to their downfall.
Appearance vs. Reality
Characters frequently wear masks, both literal and figurative, highlighting the disparity between their appearances and true intentions. This theme is central to the play’s satire, revealing the duplicity of the characters.
Justice and Retribution
The conclusion reinforces the idea that justice will eventually prevail, with all deceivers receiving their due punishment. The play’s resolution aligns with the moral lessons Jonson aims to impart.
Satire of Society
Jonson uses humor and exaggeration to critique the moral failings of contemporary society, particularly the obsession with wealth. The play’s characters and situations reflect the societal norms of Jonson’s time.
Style and Structure
Five Acts
The play follows the classical structure of five acts, with a clear progression from exposition to resolution. This structure aids in the development of the plot and themes.
Prose and Verse
Jonson employs both prose and verse, with high-status characters often speaking in verse to elevate their speech. This contrast adds depth to the characters and highlights their social status.
Commedia dell’arte Influence
The play features stock characters and scenarios reminiscent of Italian commedia dell’arte, adding to its comedic elements. This influence is evident in the exaggerated personalities and situations.
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Important Quotes
Volpone on Greed
“Good morning to the day; and next, my gold! Open the shrine, that I may see my saint.”
Mosca on Deception
“I am your fly.”
Volpone on Disguise
“I glory more in the cunning purchase of my wealth than in the glad possession.”
Critical Analysis
Characterization
Jonson develops characters through their actions and dialogue, emphasizing their vices and follies. Volpone’s greed, Mosca’s cunning, and the would-be heirs’ gullibility are central to the play’s satirical edge.
Satirical Elements
Identify instances of satire and consider how Jonson uses humor to critique societal norms. The exaggerated traits of the characters serve to highlight the absurdity of their actions.
Moral Lessons
Reflect on the moral implications of the play’s resolution and how it aligns with the themes of justice and retribution. The downfall of the greedy characters serves as a moral lesson against avarice.
Context
Jacobean Drama
Volpone is a product of the Jacobean era, reflecting the period’s interest in dark comedy and social criticism. The play’s themes and style are characteristic of this time.
Jonson’s Influence
Ben Jonson was a contemporary of Shakespeare and a significant figure in early modern English theatre, known for his sharp wit and critical eye. His influence is evident in the play’s sophisticated satire and structure.
Exam Tips
Character Analysis
Be prepared to analyze the motivations and developments of key characters, particularly Volpone and Mosca. Understanding their roles is crucial for a thorough analysis.
Theme Exploration
Discuss how Jonson develops themes through plot and character interactions. Use examples from the play to support your arguments.
Quotation Usage
Use quotations effectively to support your arguments, focusing on their significance within the play. Memorizing key quotes can be beneficial for exams.
Contextual Understanding
Demonstrate knowledge of the play’s historical and cultural context to enrich your analysis. Understanding the era’s influence on the play can provide deeper insights.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the main theme of “Volpone”?
The main theme is the corrupting power of greed, which leads to moral decay and deceit among the characters.
Who is Mosca in “Volpone”?
Mosca is Volpone’s cunning servant who helps orchestrate the deceit against the greedy would-be heirs.
How does “Volpone” end?
The deceit is exposed in court, leading to the punishment of the main characters, including Volpone and Mosca.
What role does Celia play in “Volpone”?
Celia represents innocence and virtue amidst the surrounding corruption. Her resistance to Volpone’s advances underscores her moral strength.
What is the significance of the play’s setting in Venice?
Venice, known for its wealth and commerce, serves as an apt backdrop for a story about greed and deception.
How does Ben Jonson use satire in “Volpone”?
Jonson uses humor and exaggeration to critique the moral failings of contemporary society, particularly the obsession with wealth.
Conclusion
“Volpone” by Ben Jonson remains a timeless satire on greed and corruption. By delving into its characters, themes, and stylistic elements, students can gain a deeper understanding of this classic work. The play’s rich tapestry of deceit, humor, and moral lessons makes it a valuable subject for study and exam preparation.
